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Biography. This includes data values and the controlled vocabularies that house them. Coat of Arms of Manuel I and John III of Portugal (Order of the Golden Fleece).svg 1,040 × 1,279; 769 KB ConventoSBentoVitoria.jpg 2,448 × 3,264; 3.95 MB Coroa de D. Manuel I - Palácio das Necessidades.png 950 × 500; 815 KB During his reign, the following achievements were realized: 1498 – The discovery of a maritime route to India by Vasco da Gama. During his reign, the laws in force in the kingdom of Portugal were recodified with the publication of the Manueline Ordinations. Beginning on the 4th of December, Manuel began displaying symptoms of an intense fever, which incapacitated Manuel by the 11th. drawing. Pope Alexander VI 2. Under Manuel the public administration was increasingly centralized. "You are even more handsome than your portrait!" Manuel's mother was the granddaughter of King John I of Portugal; his father, Infante Fernando, was the second surviving son of King Edward of Portugal and the younger brother of King Afonso V of Portugal. BIOG111855 Ruler: Manuel I, King of Portugal | Production date 1495-1521 | Production place Minted in: Portugal. Manuel I, Afortunado (The Fortunate), King of Portugal and the Algarves Born 31 May 1469, Alcochete, Portugal Died 13 December 1521 (aged 52), Lisbon, Portugal Burial Jerónimos Monastery Consorts (Spouses) Isabella of Aragon, Princess of Asturias (m. 1497–1498); died Maria of Aragon, (m. 1500–1517); died Eleanor of Austria (m. 1518) Children Author:Manuel I of Portugal. Magellan’s expedition had a multinational crew. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Manuel I, the Fortunate, 14th king of Portugal and the Algarves. The crusading aspect of the expansion reached its apogee with Albuquerque, who nourished grandiose schemes for blockading the Red Sea and capturing Mecca. Originating in the first half of the 16th century, within its 90 pages it contains many different sheets with recordings of legal, geographic, historical, and institutional information on the Kingdom of Portugal. A member of the House of Aviz, Manuel was Duke of Beja and Viseu prior to succeeding his cousin, John II of Portugal, as monarch. Margaret is repulsed by her old husband and smothers him to death after a few days. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Manuel-I, Jewish Virtual Library - Biography of Manuel I°. Manuel I of Portugalwas born on month day1469, at birth place, to Fernando de Portugal y Torresand Beatriz de Aviz (born de Portugal). Manuel grew up amidst conspiracies of the Portuguese upper nobility against King John II. The Brazilian coast was explored, though trade was virtually confined to the dyewood (brazilwood [Caesalpinia echinata], called pau-brasil in Portuguese) after which Brazil is named. But unfounded reports of irregular conduct on his part had reached the king: after the siege of Azamor, Magellan was accused of having sold a portion of the war spoils back to the enemy.…. Never married. The arrival of an Abyssinian envoy at Manuel’s court in 1514 suggested an alliance with the Christian negus (king) of that country, and Manuel appointed Galvão ambassador to Abyssinia. Manuel next married Eleonore of Austria on 16 Jul 1518. His name is associated with a period of Portuguese history distinguished by significant achievements both in … The day after his death, on 14 December, his body transported to the Belém district of Lisbon, in a black velvet-draped coffin, followed by masses of mourners. His coffin was buried by four of the most prominent nobles of the kingdom, the Duke of Braganza, the Duke of Coimbra, and the Marquis of Vila Real, in a private ceremony attended only by the royal family and the Portuguese nobility. His older brother Di… ... King of Portugal; also known as Emanuel I or Immanuel I Manuel I . Beatrizwas born on June 13 1430, in Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal. Please add the titles of works by this author, by clicking "Edit". The playwright-goldsmith Gil Vicente wrote for the court, which became a centre of minor poetry and painting. Manuelhad 11 siblings: Alfonso de Portugal y Luján, John of Viseuand 9 other siblings. This page was last edited on 5 January 2021, at 18:23. This carried forward the process of neo-Roman absolutism and assured the rise of the judicial class. At the outset of his reign, he released all the Jews who had been made captive during the reign of John II. Updates? She was the richest woman in Europe of her time. His sponsorship of Vasco da Gama led to the Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India in 1498, resulting in the creation of the Portuguese Ind… Manuel I (1469-1521) was king of Portugal from 1495 to 1521. There, he presented his proposal for visiting the Spice Islands. Afterwards, all converted Jews and their descendants would be referred to as "New Christians", and they were given a grace period of thirty years in which no inquiries into their faith would be allowed; this was later extended to end in 1534.[5]. Manuel grew up amidst conspiracies of the Portuguese upper nobility against King John II. The income from Portuguese trade monopolies and colonized lands made Manuel the richest monarch in Europe, allowing him to be one of the great patrons of the Portuguese Renaissance, which produced many significant artistic and literary achievements. Manuel next married Maria of Aragon on 30 Oct 1500. He was aware of many people being killed and exiled. Known as "the Fortunate," he oversaw the formation of the Portuguese Empire and strengthened the position of the monarchy. He was a. Manuel also endeavoured to promote another crusade against the Turks. Emeritus Professor of Spanish and Portuguese, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. 1505 – The appointment of Francisco de Almeida as the first viceroy of India. [3] Maria died in 1517 but the two sisters were survived by an older sister, Joanna of Castile, who was born in 1479 and had married the Archduke Philip (Maximilian I's son) and had a son, Charles V who would eventually inherit Spain and the Habsburg possessions. Manuel converted them into a palace aristocracy, paying pensions to some 5,000 persons. Known as "the Fortunate," he oversaw the formation of the Portuguese Empire and strengthened the position of the monarchy. Manuel began the Portuguese colonization of the Americas and Portuguese India, and oversaw the establishment of a vast trade empire across Africa and Asia. Manuel succeeded in 1495 his first cousin, King John II of Portugal, who was also his brother-in-law, being married to Manuel's sister, Leonor. Manuel's mother was the granddaughter of King John I of Portugal, whereas his father was the second surviving son of Edward, King of Portugal and the younger brother of King Afonso V of Portugal. Manuel I (1469-1521) was king of Portugal from 1495 to 1521. Manuel thus would have had every reason to worry when he received a royal order in 1493 to present himself to the king, but his fears were groundless: John II wanted to name him heir to the throne after the death of his son Prince Afonso and the failed attempts to legitimise Jorge de Lencastre, Duke of Coimbra, his illegitimate son. Relations are a factor of your evolution and your transformation, which you accept serenely. He died at Lisbon in 1521 and was buried in the Jerónimos monastery. They are considered the most important person in history born with the … His sponsorship of Vasco da Gama led to the Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India in 1498, resulting in the creation of the Portuguese India Armadas, which guaranteed Portugal's monopoly on the spice trade. He married Isabella of Asturias (1470-1498) October 1497 JL. A committee of royal officials revised town charters granted by previous rulers, standardized local privileges, and rationalized taxes. A member of the House of Aviz, Manuel was Duke of Beja and Viseu prior to succeeding his cousin, John II of Portugal, as monarch. Manuel was a very religious man and invested a large amount of Portuguese income to send missionaries to the new colonies, among them Francisco Álvares, and sponsor the construction of religious buildings, such as the Monastery of Jerónimos. Commercial treaties and diplomatic alliances were forged with Ming dynasty of China and the Persian Safavid dynasty. By 1513 the Portuguese had reached China. During his reign, the following was achieved: * 1498 — Vasco da Gama discovers the maritime route to India Manuel married Eleanor of Austria, sister of the emperor Charles V, in 1518, and had one daughter by this marriage. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Manuel would prove a worthy successor to his cousin John II for his support of Portuguese exploration of the Atlantic Ocean and development of Portuguese commerce. In Manuel's reign, royal absolutism was the method of government. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership. Manuel would prove a worthy successor to his cousin King John II, supporting the Portuguese exploration of the Atlantic Ocean and the development of Portuguese commerce. Manuel was already wealthy by 1503. Manuel I of Portugal - Biography. He was the cousin and brother-in-law of King John II of Portugal. Charles I of Spain 4. King of Portugal 1908-1910. Most of the heroes of the day had made their mark under John II. [4] However, those expelled could only leave the country in ships specified by the king. His relationship with the Portuguese Jews started out well. Pope Leo X received a monumental embassy from Portugal during his reign designed to draw attention to Portugal's newly acquired riches to all of Europe.[3]. Manuel and Isabella became heirs to the Spanish crowns on her brother’s death. It have been several portraits in the triptych of Nossa Senhora da Porto mercy, in the illuminations of the Livros da Leitura Nova and the Chronicle of Rui Pina and a praying statue on the porch of the Jerónimos. As a condition of the marriage, Manuel was to expel the Jews, many thousands of whom had been admitted by John II on their expulsion from Spain in 1492. Generation generation). Manuel and Isabella's young son, Miguel da Paz, was named Prince of Asturias, Prince of Portugal, and Prince of Girona, making him heir apparent of Castile, Portugal, and Aragon until his death in 1500, at the age of two years, ended the ambitions of the Catholic Monarchs and Manuel.[3]. He watched many people being killed and exiled. In the marriage contract, Manuel I agreed to persecute the Jews of Portugal. A member of the House of Aviz, Manuel was Duke of Beja and Viseu prior to succeeding his cousin, John II of Portugal… But the mission was delayed by Galvão’s death, and the crusading vision faded with the death of Albuquerque off Goa (December 1515). [1] As a result of this stroke of luck, Manuel was nicknamed the Fortunate, and succeeded on John's death in 1495. They also shared the same two grandfathers: Philip I of Castile and Manuel I of Portugal. o Afortunado), King of Portugal and the Algarves, was the son of Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu, by his wife, the Infanta Beatrice of Portugal.His name is associated with a period of Portuguese history distinguished by significant achievements both in political affairs and in the arts. Arthur Benveniste. Duarte Galvão’s attempts to persuade other European courts to join a crusade met with little response. - King of Portugal to Princess Margaret Tudor King Manuel I of Portugal is briefly Princess Margaret Tudor's first husband (the second is Charles Brandon, the Duke of Suffolk). Meanwhile, João Fernandes Lavrador reached what was probably Labrador in 1499, and Gaspar Côrte-Real discovered Newfoundland in 1500. Originating in the first half of the 16th century, it contains within its 90 pages many different sheets with recordings of the legal, geographic, historical, and institutional information of the Kingdom of Portugal. The capture of Malacca in modern-day Malaysia in 1511 was the result of a plan by Manuel I to thwart the Muslim trade in the Indian Ocean by capturing Aden, blocking trade through Alexandria, capturing Ormuz to block trade through the Persian Gulf and Beirut, and capturing Malacca to control trade with China.[2]. Their Zodiac sign is ♊ Gemini. Manuel I, the Fortunate, 14th king of Portugal and the Algarves (Alcochete, May 31, 1469 - December 13, 1521 in Lisbon) was the son of Infante Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu, (1433 - 1470), by his wife, Infanta Beatrice of Portugal. In 1495, Manuel succeeded his first cousin, King John II of Portugal, who was also his brother-in-law, as husband to Manuel's sister, Eleanor of Viseu. But the monarchy soon acquired vast new wealth as Vasco da Gama’s voyage around Africa opened Portuguese trade with the East. He was provisionally buried at Restelo Church, while the royal pantheon of the House of Aviz was funished inside Jerónimos Monastery. His older brother Diogo, Duke of Viseu, was stabbed to death in 1484 by the king himself. Manuel attempted to make himself avail… His remains were transferred to Jerónimos Monastery only in 1551, along with his second wife Maria of Aragon. He married Maria of Aragon (1482-1517) 30 October 1500 JL. 1554 . Datasets available include LCSH, BIBFRAME, LC Name Authorities, LC Classification, MARC codes, PREMIS vocabularies, ISO language codes, and more. Manuel’s claims to these newly discovered lands were confirmed by the papacy and recognized by the Spanish, with whom Manuel maintained close relations. Manuel I was awarded the Golden Rose by Pope Julius II in 1506 and by Pope Leo X in 1514. Some were allowed to leave, but the rest were “converted” under the promise that no inquiry should be made into their beliefs for 20 years. Manuel founded the palace-monastery of the Jerónimos at Belém and built the Tower of Belém; the architecture typical of the reign has been called “Manueline” only since the 19th century. The consolidation of Portuguese influence in the East can be dated from the foundation of the fortress at Cochin in 1503 and its successful defense by Duarte Pacheco Pereira (1504). When those who chose expulsion arrived at the port in Lisbon, they were met by clerics and soldiers who tried to use coercion and promises in order to baptize them and prevent them from leaving the country. The Portuguese Cortes (the assembly of the kingdom) met only three times during his reign, always in Lisbon, the king's seat. In December 1521, while Lisbon was dealing with an outbreak of the Black Plague, Manuel and his court were quarantined inside Ribeira Palace. The first was Isabella, eldest daughter of cosovereigns Ferdinand and Isabella and widow of John II’s heir. Manuel's mother was the granddaughter of King John I of Portugal; his father, Prince Fernando, was the second surviving son of King Edward of Portugal, thus the younger brother of King Afonso V of Portugal.Manuel succeeded his first cousin King John II of Portugal, who was also his brother-in-law, in 1495.. Manuel grew up amidst conspiracies of the Portuguese upper nobility against King John II. Address at Sephardic Temple Tifereth Israel, Los Angeles, October 1997, Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India, Guiomar Coutinho, Countess of Marialva and Loulé, "Spain: December 1495 Pages 72-79 Calendar of State Papers, Spain, Volume 1, 1485-1509. Despite the brilliance of his age, Manuel appears in somewhat low relief. 1893 (Eleonore of Austria was born on 15 Nov 1498 in Louvain, Brabant, Belgium 1893 and died on 25 Feb 1558 1893 .) Fernandowas born on November 17 1433, in Almeirim, Portugal. Manuel used the wealth to build a number of royal buildings (in the "Manueline" style) and to attract scientists and artists to his court. Author of. Manuel also excepted the church and the military orders of knighthood from certain obligations. He was married to, King of Portugal from 1578 until 1580. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The judiciary was enlarged, and royal corregedores were appointed to all districts. On his accession John II had Bragança executed on a charge of treason and later murdered Manuel’s only surviving brother on suspicion of conspiracy. His older brother Diogo, the duke of Viseu, was murdered by the king himself. Manuel I "the Fortunate" of Portugal (31 May 1469-13 December 1521) was King of Portugal from 25 October 1495 to 13 December 1521, succeeding Joao II and preceding Joao III.. John Manuel had always been sickly, surviving four brothers who died before him. In 1504, Pope Julius II approved King Manuel I’s request for a feast day dedicated to the Custodian Angel of the Kingdom of Portugal. On January 2, when Joan was pregnant with her first child, John Manuel died, of consumption or diabetes. Corrections? King Afonso had one of Manuel’s sisters married to his heir, John II, and another to the powerful Duke of Bragança. Manuel established the Casa da Índia, a royal institution that managed Portugal's monopolies and its imperial expansion, and he financed numerous famed Portuguese navigators, including Pedro Álvares Cabral (who discovered Brazil), Afonso de Albuquerque (who established Portuguese hegemony in the Indian Ocean), and João Vaz Corte-Real (who discovered Newfoundland in Canada), among numerous others. Manuel was no warrior: it was the Duke of Bragança who conquered Azamor in Morocco (1513). The Indian traffic added enormously to the size and splendour of Manuel’s court. A member of the House of Aviz, Manuel was Duke of Beja and Viseu prior to succeeding his cousin, John II of Portugal, as monarch.Manuel ruled over a period of intensive expansion of the Portuguese Empire owing to the … The chronicler Gois describes Manuel I as a man of tall, slender body, green eyes and brown hair. Manuel I , known as the Fortunate (Portuguese: O Venturoso), was King of Portugal from 1495 to 1521. On the death of his own legitimate son in 1491, John recognized Manuel as his heir. Isabella died in childbirth in 1498, thus putting a damper on Portuguese ambitions to rule in Spain, which various rulers had harbored since the reign of King Ferdinand I (1367–1383). His three queens were Spanish. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The so-called Leitura Nova of Manuel I of Portugal is an extremely historically important work. He asked monarchists to desist from restoration efforts as long as the war continued. Manuel I (European Portuguese: [mɐnuˈɛɫ]; 31 May 1469 – 13 December 1521), known as the Fortunate (Portuguese: O Venturoso), was King of Portugal from 1495 to 1521. But John extended his protection to the boy Manuel, making him Duke of Beja. In October Manuel married Isabella’s younger sister Maria, by whom he had nine children. Manuel I , the Fortunate , King of Portugal and the Algarves, was the son of Infante Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu, by his wife, the Infanta Beatrice of Portugal… Manuel I of Portugal is the most famous person named Manuel. …November 1514, he asked King Manuel for a token increase in his pension as a reward. Manuel grew up among the conspiracies of the aristocratic high nobility against king John II. Two of their sons later became kings of Portugal. Louis XII of France He went to Spain in 1517. He was only 16 years old. 1501 – The discovery of Labrador by Gaspar and Miguel Corte-Real. Cabral, sailing in the western Atlantic, sighted Brazil, sent back a ship to report the discovery, and continued around the Cape of Good Hope to India where he set up trading posts (feitorias) at Calicut, Cochin, and Cannanore, all on the Malabar coast of southwestern India. He died two days later, on 13 December 1521, at the age of 52, being succeeded by his son, John III of Portugal, as king. John II had cowed the ambitious nobles. In 1515 Manuel ordered his council to revise the code of laws: his Ordenações Manuelinas were issued in 1512 and revised in 1521. He even met with republicans, and at one time, solicited his involvement in the Portuguese army. John had planned the expedition in search of a sea route to India and had appointed Vasco da Gama to head it, but it was under Manuel that the epochal voyage was made (1497–99) and that the wealth of the Indies began to pour into Portugal. We have no works listed by this author, though works that may link to this author are here. The Linked Data Service provides access to commonly found standards and vocabularies promulgated by the Library of Congress. Manõel II reigned as the last king of Portugal, following the assasinations of his father, king Carlos I and his elder brother, Crownprince Luìs Filipe. Omissions? Manuel I[a] (European Portuguese: [mɐnuˈɛɫ]; 31 May 1469 – 13 December 1521), known as the Fortunate (Portuguese: O Venturoso), was King of Portugal from 1495 to 1521. Unfortunately for the Jews, he decided that he wanted to marry Infanta Isabella of Aragon, then heiress of the future united crown of Spain (and widow of his nephew Prince Afonso). He reformed the courts of justice and the municipal charters with the crown, modernizing taxes and the concepts of tributes and rights. 1503–1515 – The establishment of monopolies on maritime trade routes (mare clausum) to the Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf by Afonso de Albuquerque. Manuel sent Dom Francisco de Almeida as the first viceroy of Portuguese India in 1505. Works . The same chronicler says that the King was someone who performed their duties with diligence, great worker and a good disposition toward luxury and refinements, making him to be always surrounded by musicia… Manuel I, byname Manuel The Fortunate, Portuguese Manuel O Afortunado, (born May 31, 1469, Alcochete, Port.—died December 1521, Lisbon), king of Portugal from 1495 to 1521, whose reign was characterized by religious troubles (all Moors and Jews refusing baptism were expelled), by a policy of clever neutrality in the face of quarrels between France and Spain, and by the continuation of overseas expansion, notably to India and Brazil. Manuel succeeded his first cousin John II of Portugal, who was also his brother-in-law, in 1495. Whom did Magellan approach after King Manuel I of Portugal refused to support his proposed voyage?"...1. The son of the Duke of Viseu, Manuel was born on May 31, 1469, at Alcochete. Manuel was fortunate to have reigned at all; he was the ninth child of Dom Fernando, who was the younger brother of Afonso V. Manuel’s father died a year after Manuel was born. …Afonso extended Kongo’s relations with Portugal, reaching an agreement (the Regimento, 1512) with Manuel I of Portugal by which the Kongo accepted Portuguese institutions, granted extraterritorial rights to Portuguese subjects, and supplied slaves to Portuguese traders. Thus in December 1496 Manuel ordered Jews and free Muslims to quit Portugal within 10 months. Although half his ships were lost, the venture was profitable. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. In 1502 da Gama took 20 ships and brought back gold as tribute from East Africa. Manuel I, byname Manuel The Fortunate, Portuguese Manuel O Afortunado, (born May 31, 1469, Alcochete, Port.—died December 1521, Lisbon), king of Portugal from 1495 to 1521, whose reign was characterized by religious troubles (all Moors and Jews refusing baptism were expelled), by a policy of clever neutrality in the face of quarrels between France and Spain, and by the continuation of … 1893 (Maria of Aragon was born on 29 Jun 1482 1893 and died on 7 Mar 1517 in Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal 1893.) They visited Toledo and Saragossa to receive oaths of allegiance in 1498, but the possibility of the union of the crowns ended when Isabella died in the same year while giving birth to their son Miguel, who died in infancy. 1500 – The discovery of Brazil by Pedro Álvares Cabral. Manuel's reign was most notable for the successful continuation of Portugal's overseas enterprises. Originally published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1862", Infanta Isabel, Holy Roman Empress and Queen of Spain, Miguel da Paz, Prince of Portugal and Asturias, Baltasar Carlos, Prince of Portugal and Asturias, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manuel_I_of_Portugal&oldid=998510211, Portuguese exploration in the Age of Discovery, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles containing Portuguese-language text, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, King of Portugal from 1521 until 1557. Manuel I, the Fortunate, 14th king of Portugal and the Algarves. The so-called Leitura Nova of Manuel I of Portugal is highly, historically important work. Manuel I [lower-alpha 1] (European Portuguese: [mɐnuˈɛɫ] ; 31 May 1469 – 13 December 1521), known as the Adventurous and the Fortunate, was King of Portugal from 1495 to 1521. Manuel II of Portugal was born in Portugal on Friday, November 15, 1889 (G.I. In March 1500 Manuel sent Pedro Álvares Cabral with 13 ships to establish trade relations with the Indian princes. Are a factor of your evolution and your transformation, which you accept serenely also excepted the Church and controlled... And Portuguese, University of British Columbia, Vancouver with Ming dynasty of China and Persian. You have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) method of government the article 4 ] However those. She was the method of government requires login ) made Portugal wealthy from foreign trade as it formally established vast. 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