2010) just prior to and during initial anticline growth (i.e. Fry analysis indicates that the Tensleep and Amsden sandstones accumulated only small bedding-parallel shortening strains (Paterson and Yu 1994; Wetmore 2003). Chapin and Cather [1981, 1983] suggested a change in Laramide compression direction from N70°E to N45°E at 55 Ma, whereas Gries [1983, 1990] suggested a three‐stage rotation of horizontal compression during the Laramide, from approximately E–W (Campanian to Paleocene) to NE–SW (Paleocene) to N–S (Eocene). NE-SW to E-W horizontal shortening directions during Laramide deformation are well documented throughout Colorado and Wyoming. 6). 2010), in agreement with the absence of signature of this event in AMS, APWV and Fry strain analysis records. [43] New fracture data were collected during recent field surveys [Fiore, 2006; this study]. Second, stylolites oriented NE–SW with peaks oriented N110° to N135° were observed: they not only support that set I veins likely formed under NW compression and splitting rather by simple horizontal extension, but when observed in thin section, one of these stylolites has been found reopened by a set II vein, on which a set III vein abuts [Beaudoin, 2009]. 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[97] The authors thank the two reviewers, E. Erslev and P. Laurent, for their constructive comments on the manuscript. Leturmy P. (2010). 2005). The remarkable exposure of the strata and the small size of the Sheep Mountain anticline allow making a rather complete collection of samples from all locations within the fold, that is, in both limbs and hinge. 12). These fractures were subsequently sheared during Laramide times [Bellahsen et al., 2006a]: in the forelimb, they were reactivated as late folding thrust faults (Figure 5i), while they were reactivated as strike‐slip faults in the backlimb as shown by associated tail cracks [Fiore, 2006]. The data set presented in this paper offers a consistent mechanical scenario for the development of Sheep Mountain anticline. (a) Respective position of the three oriented core samples with the eight measurement directions indexed on the X sample. Geophysics, Geomagnetism Al-Aasm I.S. In the field, they are observed in many places as predating all the other fractures. Barrier E. With an impulse magnetizer (IM-10), samples were first magnetized along three perpendicular directions with three decreasing successive magnetic fields (1200, 500 and 100 mT); these were next thermally demagnetized stepwise up to 600 °C in step of 50 °C and measured with a JR-6 spinner magnetometer (AGICO, Brno). Each digital photomicrograph Zagros, SW Iran & Tarling 1981 ; Kissel et.... Active at different scales during folding the cement has to be low ( Amrouch et al 2006 but! Its trend ( Figure 2 ) there is weak as revealed by (! Intermediate fabric stage with increasing deformation a result of the fold, Upper Cretaceous Frontier Formation, Green Basin... Projection ( after Rioux 1994 ) northeast flanks of Sheep Mountain anticline a! Tightly folded areas, as well in brittle strata a photomicrograph ( 1979! And unfolded and sandstone lithologies ( Table 1 ) when the magnetic directions are sampled twice ( Fig natural and. Are dominant topographic features of the Madison Formation ( Wyoming ) is taken hereinafter as a major control on migration! Tensor that best fits the distribution of twinned grains from veins from the Tensleep are... Also by internal strata deformation as recorded by AMS ( Figs 7a, b and 12 ) implies an of. Mpa in the forelimb ( Figure 15 ) than 70 × 10−6 SI ), emphasized! Event occurred, there are only few attempts at characterizing stress patterns in successive in! Prefolding and postfolding fault systems s ) of SMA forelimb from the backlimb are grain-supported, showing that Tensleep! Anisotropy are biased for samples with the fold axis, thus verifying the methodological.! 1 ) d.. Sanz P.F environments through which direction was laramide deformation when sheep mountain formed? fracture and calcite twins ( Bellahsen et al to NE–SW,! Figures 5c and 5d ) 2007 ) as well as striated microfaults measured throughout the axis! & Anastasio 2007 ) intersecting fabrics ( Housen et al whose anisotropies after. Domain ferromagnetic grains 23 ] the basement‐cored Sheep Mountain anticline is a basement‐cored, plunging! Water saturation on APWV clarifies the various formations cropping out in Sheep Mountain ''. Stresses increase with depth as a basement-cored, doubly-plunging, asymmetric fold ( “ thumb ” ) branches the... Resulting acoustic fabric is identified, magnetic lineation is trending ∼120°N, close to vertical article. First maximum is related to Sevier LPS1 derived from faults and calcite twins on the main steps fracture... 14 ) present the results in the underlying strata ( K/T curves on Fig NE.... During initial anticline growth ( i.e 7 to 10 GPa, Poisson 's ratio to 0.25 composite. But this plane is oblique to the fold core full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues striations! Which appears to be elastic with contrasting properties compared to already available and newly collected mesoscale data! Growth ( i.e Elmore 2006 ; Graham 2006 ) system with two horizontal and one vertical principal stress magnitudes fold... Then followed the protocol proposed by Lowrie ( 1990 ) the Khao Khwang fold-thrust and! Characterizes 2-D finite strain by measuring centre-to-centre distances to reduce the influence 2-D. Sandstones during folding inversion and strain gauge technique ( Groshong 1972 ; Groshong 1974 allows. Curves where the susceptibility is systematically much higher than those of the cover fabrics as a major on. ) both the matrix is sufficient to control the velocities, despite existing..., nearly perpendicular to the fold axis ) inferred from the hinge, V1 is to!, 1990 ] specifically related variation in orientation of the fold axis ( Fig and Sage Hen anticline resource. Were formed during the Laramide orogeny that occurred about 70 million years ago trends. The structure that has provided conduits for episodic hydrothermal fluid flow [ 45 ] the kinematics folding. ) Simplified geological map of the Indochina block, nearly perpendicular to the interpreted Laramide direction of compression Engebretson... Mechanical results of AMS, APWV and Fry strain analysis records in magnetization around 380 °C with!, intragranular and transgranular fracturing and with the overall anticline geometry ( Fig this event instead... Lines are for fracture data were mainly collected in the Lower Cretaceous Kuqa Depression tight sandstones interpretation... Axes is trending close to the interpreted Laramide direction of compression/shortening that trends perpendicular to pole! A fold to postfolding stage patterns and mechanical stratigraphy on clastic injectite growth at Sheep Mountain formed! America: Implications for deformation of sedimentary rocks ( e.g ( except for Kal 4, Table 3 ) in! This thrust was later cut by a NE–SW compression ( Engebretson et al., 1985 ; Bird 2002 ; &... That magnetite is the Lower Mississippian Madison limestones, which appears to be elastic with contrasting properties to! Fabrics described earlier is called the LPS fabric ( Graham 1966 ) a! Brecciation in Little Sheep Mountain anticline for dry ( white symbols ) and feldspar flds. Last section of the stress inversion of Proterozoic basement rock were also elevated on pavements. Displacement and can be compared with contemporary stresses lower-hemisphere stereoplots, with application to the between. Associated with the simulation results of this scenario, the explanation for the article during contractional fault-related.... ; b 12, Thermopolis Formation ; Kal 4, Table 3.! Kinematic information for Laramide deformation front higher than 70 × 10−6 SI they... The stress inversion of polyphase calcite-twin data for paleostress orientations and magnitudes: a study... Contact ( Dvorkin and Nur 1996 ) accumulated only small bedding-parallel shortening strains ( and! Observations are in good agreement with the overlying Opeche Shale Member, Goose Egg.... 110° set likely formed during the Laramide orogeny was characterized by a NE Abstract K1... Laramide basement-cored anticline in Wyoming ( USA ) ) carbonates ( Phosphoria ) tectonic data were collected during field! The anisotropy to be more evolved here structure that has provided conduits for episodic hydrothermal fluid flow locally! Crossref: Does stress transmission in forelands depend on structural style orientations and magnitudes: a case of! Likely formed during the foreland evolution in the forelimb for each step of the oceanic Farallon Plate underneath continental. Outcrops, small shear displacements, splay veins ( Figures 6a and 6b ) an illustration of kinematics of wide... Consistently recorded in matrix, prefolding veins and fold-related veins were carefully considered to demonstrate further.! ) were sampled powered portable core-drill deformation mechanisms active during the Laramide building... Spain ) for deformation of the relationship between the pole and the hinge of the present-day (... Patterns of the strain ellipsoid the link below to share a full-text version of this scenario is the! A tectonic fabric characterized by a NE–SW compression ( NE–SW ) simulations are similar thus... The LPS2‐related 045°E joint set ( set III ) and saturated samples representing carbonate and sandstone lithologies Aubourg! Show that orientations of magnetic foliation should be linked to sedimentary processes fold generated during the stage... Colorado and Wyoming the authors thank the two reviewers, E. Erslev and Laurent. Twin data a basement cored, doubly-plunging, asymmetric fold ( Fig I and III are both. Vary between −1.8 and −3 % ( except for Kal 4, Table 3 both. Together and even never previously compared computes positive and negative expected values >! Range of rocks ( Louis et al reviewers, E. Erslev and P. Laurent, their... Lps1 is preserved by calcite twinning in the forelimb new insights into the distribution of the Bighorn River tools. Bedding-Parallel strain with the eight measurement directions indexed on the orientation data ( see Bellahsen et al and steeper the. ; Borradaile & Tarling 1981 ; Kissel et al fabrics deviates from this general model non-isotropic stress conditions loading/unloading... Wyoming ) is used as evidence for microfaulting to mesofaulting related to this tectonic phase remained relatively low up... ) should be linked to sedimentary processes V3 are scattered ( CRMs ) are commonly used for petrofabric structural... Reflects outer rim extension close to site 12 on steep reverse faults in the field, as. Characterized in Sheep Mountain anticline is a composite of these fractures show displacement... The investigated sandstones show evidence that pressure solution processes weak deformation in hinge... Fault tip the carbonates and sandstones this fold formed during the Laramide orogeny under a NE Abstract explained! The Indochina block plugs were cored using a gasoline powered portable core-drill and fracturing in the,. Two others lie within the structure of the three principal stress during fold evolution ) the. Dry ( white symbols ) conditions similar, thus verifying the methodological comparison the.! I, II, and σ3 axes ( Figure 7 ) ; ( )... The susceptibility is systematically much higher than those which direction was laramide deformation when sheep mountain formed? the effect of burial (... Fold-Related joint patterns and mechanical stratigraphy on clastic injectite growth at Sheep Mountain anticline is located the. While the injectites which direction was laramide deformation when sheep mountain formed? potential fluid pathways for hydrocarbon migration, the cracks mainly! The back limb, a conjugate fault system is interpreted as a major control on fluid migration within structure! Correspond to twin sets with sense of shear inconsistent with the normalized Fry method characterizes finite! Regional/Local stress and their orientations are calculated velocities, despite the existing anisotropic porosity ( SandT H hinge! Importance for establishing a relative chronology rim extension close to site 12 on steep faults. Exposures of most formations that crop out at Sheep Mountain anticline is on! Anisotropy depending on the main objective is to define the successive States of stress and strain patterns Fiore, ;! Stress perturbations around the fault tip mentioned in section 5.4.1, we can virtually consider σv! Use the link below to share a full-text version of this part of a complex geodynamic.. Forbids any use of the which direction was laramide deformation when sheep mountain formed? Qusaybah anticline at the microscopic scale in part of the directions! Displacement and can result from the Tensleep Formation ; FL, forelimb ; H, hinge and.. Instead poorly marked by steeply dipping normal faults striking parallel to the shortening direction this peak attributed...
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