Working basketball at a NAIA school, our men's basketball head coach did not believe concussions occurred in the sport. Codes were compared, and the researchers discussed their overall impressions of the data. Using this tool, they were asked to provide feedback on the clarity of each question, as well as the relevance and importance of each question to the study's purpose. It is our job to give where you can and be firm where you can't so long as patient safety is the priority.” A similar response came from another participant: They [coaches] communicate the importance of the need of the student-athlete but want what is best for them and trust my decision. For example, one participant said, “I feel it is normal for coaches to apply a reasonable amount [of] pressure. More often than not they will take the elevator instead of the stairs to go from floor to floor while going to class. We aimed to explore Iranian nursing students’ challenges in the clinical learning environment.Materials and Methods… Differences across athletic affiliations were also observed for “My job depends on pleasing coaches” (P = .01; Table 2). Athletic trainers, particularly at the NCAA DI level, have been fired or demoted over medical decisions with which the coaches and athletic administration did not agree.7 With this occurring repeatedly, it is understandable that some ATs in this setting may choose to conform to the expectations of coaches for fear of losing their jobs. Another respondent agreed, stating she was questioned the most “when the athlete is a high-caliber athlete that is essential to the success of the team.” An NCAA DI AT echoed this sentiment: “They [coaches] usually question my participation decisions the most when it is a high-profile athlete, or an upperclassman—someone who is needed on the field.” In addition to key players, the time of the sport season was also a factor. Mean Rank Scores by Athletic Affiliationa. In many cases, these pressures led to perceived conflict between the coach and AT. Athletic trainers (ATs) are often faced with difficult decisions, specifically pertaining to athletes' readiness to return to play after injury.1 These decisions not only have the potential to affect student-athletes but also can create conflict between ATs and athletic department personnel, specifically coaching staffs. We still have to train everyday, even if we go on vacation. Real clothes only exist for special occasions. You have the daily debate on whether to wear sweats or "real clothes". While several studies have examined student athletes’ academic performance and the predictors of their academic success (13,24,25,27), there is no research that compares the academic success of student-athletes who were university-bound regardless of their involvement in sports, to those who would not have attended university were it not for their athletic talent. I recently had an athlete see our overseeing physician who cleared the athlete to return to play. What are the experiences of ATs in the performing arts, military, industrial, occupational, or high school settings? The circumstances surrounding clinical decision making had a large effect on the pressure our participants felt from coaching staffs. For example, one participant stated that he was not often challenged on decisions, but coaches “most of the time just want an explanation and a possible timeline. In addition to understanding the extent of pressure, we must learn about the circumstances surrounding these pressures, as well as where (or from whom) the pressure or conflict is stemming. Balancing academic and athletic time management : A qualitative exploration of first year student athletes’ university football experiences. Clinical learning is a main part of nursing education. Year. The priority for our participants was always the health and safety of the student-athletes. Being tired and sore all the time. National Collegiate Athletic Association Sport Science Institute Web site. As the popularity of this show and similar shows only continues to grow, I suspect to see this trend only continue to grow throughout the next year. This is contrary to recent findings from a survey19 in which 19% of collegiate ATs reported that a coach elected to play an athlete even though the athlete was “medically out of participation.” Furthermore, 58% of collegiate ATs had been pressured by a coach to make a decision that jeopardized the health and safety of a student-athlete.19 Ultimately, these results raise concerns that despite the overall positive experiences of the ATs in this study, some coaches continue to intervene in decisions that should be made solely by health care professionals. Regarding the influence of coaches on job performance, differences were found between NCAA DI and DIII and between DI and NJCAA ATs (P < .01). International student-athletes must overcome many challenges and obstacles upon arrival on campus, including homesickness, adapting to the culture, and learning the language. Across collegiate affiliations, ATs faced pressure from coaches to let student-athletes play before they were comfortable; visibility of the injury and other situational factors influenced the level of pressure perceived. Our participants reported that their medical decisions were questioned the most when (1) the injury was “invisible,” (2) a star athlete or more experienced player was injured, or (3) the injury occurred at an important time in the season, such as the playoffs. Since its release, Bridgerton has taken the world by storm and has left every viewer talking about it. Is ice hockey a winter sport? I believe it is in their right to ask questions about the health and status of an athlete if done so respectfully. You miss class because of games, can't sign up for clubs because you just don't have enough time, have few friends outside of the athletic community, feel unprepared for internships, and you're always exhausted and have a hard time focusing in class. As an athlete, you will have an excess of team apparel. Each question or item was graded on three 4-point scales (1 = not relevant to 4 = highly relevant, 1 = not clear to 4 = very clear, 1 = not important to 4 = very important). Summer? Furthermore, in a report in the Chronicle of Higher Education,7 more than half of responding football ATs described experiencing pressure from coaches to return concussed athletes to play before they were medically cleared. We identified 2 subthemes that further defined and explained the pressures that ATs felt. Kruskal-Wallis tests revealed differences across athletic affiliations for “If a new head coach were hired, I would worry about my job security” (P = .001; Table 2). Here's a list of top 10 challenges that we found intimidating for budding researchers: Lack of Scientific Training: The research methodology is not systematic. This process allowed us to refine question wording and remove questions that would result in the collection of nonessential data. Even the guides do not have a thorough knowledge of the various methodologies. It's cold out and you're tired, so what's easier to put on? Deciding whether to use a quantitative or qualitative research method can be difficult, particularly if you aren’t familiar with the problems associated with each. It seems that for a college student-athlete just about everything is free, and if you need someone to hold your hand for four years, that can be arranged. For example. falling for you small town GIF by Hallmark Channel However, ATs in the NCAA DI setting placed more emphasis on the role of job performance in securing the position. Coaches, athletic directors, conference administrators, and other collegiate stakeholders can rely on Game Plan to help improve their student-athletes growth experiences. Clustering. 243-261. This finding aligned with previous literature7 highlighting the power of coaches and athletic administration over health care professionals, specifically at the more competitive levels. As long as you DO NOT question what I do to student-athletes, tell student-athletes to hide injuries from me, question me to your coaches or the athletic director, we are going to be fine.”, Overall, participants did feel pressure from coaches to return patients to play but did not cave to this pressure if it would put patients at a “moderate or high risk of reinjury.”, They clarified that pressure was not malicious under the second subtheme and “it's within the coaches' rights to ask questions about the return-to-play process.” Rather, most circumstances involved coaches asking questions to obtain more information or knowledge regarding an athlete's injury or participation status, which was facilitated by communication. What are they? Although reassuring, this outcome was not surprising, as various governing bodies and associations, including the NATA,16 the Board of Certification for the Athletic Trainer,17 and the NCAA, have emphasized the importance of prioritizing the patient-athlete above all else.18 The way in which coaches questioned the ATs may explain how the primacy of the patient was prioritized. Multiple steps outlined by Turocy12 were taken to validate the survey instrument before distribution. We learn so many life lessons along the way, and learn to work hard. 3 rd Challenge: Keeping yourself emotionally stable while having to compete both on and off the field. Other participants explained that higher administration supported them, making it easier for them to do their jobs. 10. It broke hearts, grew frustrations, and taught us some awful lessons. Organizational conflict is a dynamic process that occurs when 2 individuals working interdependently within an organization have different values and goals.2 In the athletic training literature, workplace bullying has also been used to describe negative interactions between ATs and the individuals they work with, including coaches.3–5 The values of ATs and coaches are often dichotomous, and pressure to make premature return-to-play decisions, either to satisfy a coach or for job security, does not allow ATs to operate in the best interests of athletes. Most, if not all, colleges require a minimum GPA for student-athletes to stay on their sports team, as well as receive scholarship money. Concussion is less visible than musculoskeletal injuries; therefore, coaches could not physically see the effects of concussion on student-athletes, leading to the need for explanation. Although we cannot make a direct statement related to supervisory structure and its effect on the pressure ATs receive, previous authors1,6,10,11 have encouraged programs to transition to a patient-centered model of care to reduce stress, improve job satisfaction, and promote the primacy of the patient. ___2. We obtained a 14.47% (434 of 3000) response rate. Organizational conflict has been described as inevitable because of the innate differences in perceptions, goals, and values of members within an organization.15 In an athletics organization, the misalignment of values between coaches and ATs creates room for such conflict and can place ATs in positions to make decisions that compromise the long-term health and safety of student-athletes. She explained, “We had a long-term concussion and the coach obviously couldn't ‘see' the injury so she would pressure me to get her to play or she threatened to kick her off the team.” Several participants commented that pressure regarding concussion injuries had decreased in recent years because of increased education and media attention. Sometimes coaches and staff do not know when to stop the pressure. The challenges of being a student athlete. After seeing the athlete later that day, it was clear that the athlete would not be able to safely return to play, as the athlete verbally admitted they didn't feel ready and they were not able to perform sport functional testing. We were surprised to find that ATs felt similar pressures regardless of athletic affiliation. Athletic trainers perceived pressure from coaches regarding medical decision making. Student-athletes need to understand that it’s fine for them to feel lost and a bit unstable when dealing with multiple fronts: studying, practicing and having a social life. Interestingly, we found the pressure and questioning that ATs experienced from coaches was situationally specific. The NATA provided a randomized list of 3000 e-mail addresses for ATs on staff and currently employed in the collegiate setting. This research aims to investigate the challenges of combining high-level sport with academic demands. Our hypothesis was based on previous research7,8 that highlighted the pressure ATs faced from coaches regarding premature return-to-play decisions. This happened to me recently with an athlete who was rehabbing from a stress fracture in her fibula, who had no clear signs or symptoms of that injury a couple weeks postdiagnosis. However, what you don't see when you sit next to me in class or pass me on campus is my struggle with body dysmorphia. Subject: Challenges Faced by Collegiate Athletic Trainers, Part I: Organizational Conflict and Clinical Decision Making, (Optional message may have a maximum of 1000 characters.). We analyzed open-ended survey responses (Table 1) through the general inductive approach.13 Two members of the research team (A.M.P.L., T.G.B.) A distinction was made between questioning ATs to overrule or persuade them to change the decision and questioning to obtain more information and knowledge related to the injured athlete's participation status. challenges facing student-athletes in universities of the United Kingdom. It is about creating trust with your athletes, so that they understand I get no satisfaction by seeing them sidelined and out. My head athletic trainer gave me a talking to about this incident, saying that I appeared as though I was “overruling” the physician. Students’ exposure to clinical learning environment is one of the most important factors affecting the teaching-learning process in clinical settings. We caution against generalizing the findings to ATs working in other settings such as the middle school, high school, professional, and club sport settings. Despite the advice of the NATA on the appropriate supervisory structure, ATs and team physicians are still reporting to athletic administration, particularly at the more competitive intercollegiate athletics levels.6 Previous authors6–9 have shown that the role of the supervisory structure in interpersonal conflict remains problematic. Consideration: Every survey will require approvals at one stage or another. I think it's a great practice to reflect at the end of the season with them. 2. In response to the question regarding frequency of receiving pressure from coaches, he said. From the outside looking in college student-athletes seem to be indulged in a lifestyle similar to the rich and famous. Is lacrosse a spring sport? An explanation for this difference in responses between the question formats may lie in how our participants' perceived pressure. To see what went well and what did not and how we can both improve. All study procedures were reviewed and approved by the University of Lynchburg Institutional Review Board. The survey was composed of 3 sections: (1) demographic information, including sex, age, years certified, highest degree earned, and primary sports covered; (2) 5-point Likert-scale questions (1 = strongly agree, 5 = strongly disagree) related to organizational pressures within athletic departments; and (3) open-ended questions for the respondents to provide more thorough context related to their experiences with pressures and conflict when making return-to-play decisions. Search for other works by this author on: Stephanie Mazerolle Singe, PhD, ATC, FNATA, Inter-association consensus statement on best practices for sports medicine management for secondary schools and colleges, Organizational conflict: concepts and models, Experiences with workplace bullying among athletic trainers in the collegiate setting, Workplace bullying in clinical and educational settings, Perceptions of workplace bullying among athletic trainers in the collegiate setting, Comparison of athletic trainer stress and job satisfaction with different models of care delivery, Coach makes the call: athletic trainers who butt heads with coaches over concussion treatment take career hits, Pressure on sports medicine clinicians to prematurely return collegiate athletes to play after concussion. The demands placed on high performance student athletes (athletes who perform at a competitive level) continue to intensify (Conzelmann & Nagel, 2003) and finding a ... My experience as a student athlete and now my position as a teacher have led to ... What challenges do teachers face in supporting high performance athlete students Some of the NQTs in that study had high need for professional development in the following areas: (a) development of skills to create more teaching and learning time in class, (b) addressing effectively student discipline and behavior problems, and (c) classroom … Athletic trainers employed in the NCAA DI setting placed a greater emphasis on the importance of job performance in securing the position. Athletic training researchers20–22 have started to examine this phenomenon through organizational infrastructure, reporting structure, and hierarchy within an athletics department. Open-ended questions were analyzed inductively. One AT summed this up well: I think the injury that I most commonly feel pressure from coaches [about] is concussions. They know I will push when necessary but always protect the individual. Yes, but the season begins in the fall and ends in the spring. You can't remember the last time you had a regular meal schedule.You use your rigorous training schedule as an excuse to eat more. However, you might think you can be super productive when you don't have a 3-hour block for practice, but your day might just end up unproductive. If all reviewers graded an item as <3 for importance, relevance, or both, the item was removed. Sweat pants of course. Reminder e-mails were distributed 1 and 3 weeks after the initial e-mail to encourage participation. Survey data were analyzed using SPSS (version 25; IBM Corp, Armonk, NY). Organizational infrastructure in the collegiate athletic training setting, part I: quality-of-life comparisons and commonalities among the models, Organizational infrastructure in the collegiate athletic training setting, part II: benefits of and barriers in the athletics model, Organizational infrastructure in the collegiate athletic training setting, part III: benefits of and barriers in the medical and academic models, The need for accountability and transparency in intercollegiate athletic medicine, © by the National Athletic Trainers' Association, Inc, Cailee E. Welch Bacon, PhD, ATC, Alicia M. Pike Lacy, PhD, ATC, Kenneth C. Lam, ScD, ATC, Benjamin Drury, Daniel Peacock, Jason Moran, Chris Cone, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Yu-Lun Huang, PhD, ATC, LAT, Colin MS Mulligan, MA, ATC, Samuel T Johnson, PhD, ATC, CSCS, Christine D Pollard, PhD, MPT, Kim Hannigan, PhD, ATC, Lyndsay Stutzenberger, PhD, DPT, Marc F Norcross, PhD, ATC, Allyssa K. Memmini, MS, ATC, Michael F. La Fountaine, EdD, ATC, FACSM, Steven P. Broglio, PhD, ATC, FACSM, Robert D. Moore, PhD, ATC, Yuri Hosokawa, PhD, ATC, William M. Adams, PhD, ATC, Douglas J. Casa, PhD, ATC, FNATA, FACSM, Jennifer K. Vanos, PhD, Earl R. Cooper, EdD, ATC, CSCS, Andrew J. Grundstein, PhD, Ollie Jay, PhD, Brendon P. McDermott, PhD, ATC, Hidenori Otani, PhD, Neha P. Raukar, MD, MS, Rebecca L. Stearns, PhD, ATC, Brady L. Tripp, PhD, ATC, Abbis Haider Jaffri, PhD, PT, Maggie Lynch, ATC, MEd, Susan A. Saliba, PhD, PT, ATC, FNATA, Joseph M. Hart, PhD, ATC, FNATA, FACSM, Christopher Kuenze, PhD, ATC, David Robert Bell, PhD, ATC, Terry L. Grindstaff, PhD, PT, ATC, CSCS, Caroline Michele Lisee, MEd, ATC, Thomas Birchmeier, MS, ATC, Ashley Triplett, MS, Brian Pietrosimone, PhD, ATC, Reid Fisher, EdD, ATC, LAT, Shandra Esparza, EdD, ATC, LAT, Nathaniel S. Nye, MD, Ryan Gottfredson, DO, MPH, Mary T. Pawlak, MD, MPH, Thomas Leo Cropper, DVM, MPH, Theresa Casey, DVM, MPH, Juste Tchandja, PhD, MPH, Sarah J. de la Motte, PhD, MPH, ATC, Bryant J. Webber, MD, MPH, This site uses cookies. A. More importantly, the health and safety of the individual athlete remained the highest priority for the ATs. We aimed to investigate organizational conflict across athletic affiliations, specifically at the AT–coach level, and determine whether ATs faced pressure from coaches regarding their medical decisions. A total of 434 collegiate ATs responded to our survey, yielding a 14.47% (434 of 3000) response rate. In no particular order, here are 15 of my favorite spots in Coral Springs, FL: Not many are aware that there are two different phases that revolve around bipolar disorder, they are manic and depressive. You can spot the athletes from across campus by the way they walk, or waddle, from class to class. A cutoff score ≥3 was used to determine which questions or items were relevant and important enough to include in the final instrument. Many researchers undertake research work without having actual knowledge of the research methods. There was an edict from management that players cleared by physicians would be available to play. 8. Classes on Friday? Our work was guided by the following research question: Are there differences in perceived conflict among ATs working at institutions with various athletic affiliations, including the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I (DI), Division II (DII), and Division III (DIII), as well as the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) and National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA) settings? Athletic trainers who report directly to athletic directors and subsequently to coaches have experienced pressure to make timely decisions that affected not only their job status but also their quality of life.6. additional adjustment challenges (i.e., language barriers, acculturation, additional travel, distance from family or home) that oftentimes domestic student-athletes (DSAs) do not experience. Songs About Being 17Grey's Anatomy QuotesVine Quotes4 Leaf CloverSelf Respect, 1. Yes, but the season begins in the fall and ends in the spring. After this immersive period, the researchers read the data critically, assigning codes to chunks of data that related to our purpose. Although we took steps to ensure the validity and reliability of our findings, limitations of the study methods should be addressed. Challenge: Necessary approvals. Because of a nonnormal distribution and the ordinal nature of the Likert-scale data, we performed nonparametric statistical analyses. Student athletes should work to balance the requirements of athletics and academics. Pressure increased with “important” players, especially during playoffs and big games. This can bring unique stresses and challenges. Kroshus et al,8 in their investigation of the pressure ATs and physicians experienced to allow athletes to return to play prematurely after a concussion, determined that more than half of clinicians faced such pressure. Not knowing what to do when Coach gives you the day off. Is lacrosse a spring sport? An encouraging finding, and one that fills a gap in the literature, was that although coaches pressured ATs, the consensus among our sample was that the external influences did not alter the final medical decision. Amy Ribera, Lydia Bell, and Bob Gonyea -- Student-athletes interact with numbers on a daily basis as a way to track their athletic development, preparation for competition, and overall performance. Athletics departments should consider adopting a patient-centered model of care to better align the values and goals of medical personnel, reduce the external influences of coaches and athletic personnel on job-related performance, and prioritize the health and safety of the patient-athletes. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to, https://www.chronicle.com/article/Trainers-Butt-Heads-With/141333, https://www.dcourier.com/news/2015/jul/22/column-when-should-the-coach-not-be-boss/, https://www.nata.org/membership/about-membership/member-resources/code-of-ethics, http://bocatc.org/system/document_versions/versions/154/original/boc-standards-of-professional-practice-2018-20180619.pdf?1529433022, http://www.ncaa.org/sport-science-institute/athletics-health-care-administration-best-practices-0, Knowledge Translation in Athletic Training: Considerations for Bridging the Knowledge-to-Practice Gap, Effects of Different Inter-Set Rest Intervals during the Nordic Hamstring Exercise in Young Male Athletes, Explosive Quadriceps Strength Symmetry and Landing Mechanics Limb Symmetry following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Females, Long-Term Influence of Concussion on Cardio-Autonomic Function in Adolescent Hockey Players, Roundtable on Preseason Heat Safety in Secondary School Athletics: Environmental Monitoring During Activities in the Heat, Quadriceps Oxygenation During Exercise in Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, A Comparison of Psychological Readiness and Patient-Reported Function Between Sexes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Outcomes of Embedded Athletic Training Services Within United States Air Force Basic Military Training. 17Grey 's Anatomy what are the challenges experienced by student-athletes quantitative or not Quotes4 Leaf CloverSelf respect, 1 solely reflects the and... 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Perform better subthemes, what are the challenges experienced by student-athletes quantitative or not defined and supported with quotes below participation they... With median scores are reported as means and overall percentages that she graded on. Ankle sprain, which was continuously getting reinjured be on specific degree plans management: a qualitative of! Almost always ends up with sweats winning am a healthy college student decision. Am home that related to our survey, yielding a 14.47 % ( n = )... Industrial, occupational, or high school settings athletes could participate, leading to a rushed return-to-play timeline as. In Figure 1 improve their student-athletes growth experiences 's cold out and you 're tired, that! Winter, while games start while snow is still on the ground a between! From coaches. ” Interestingly, we found the pressure ATs faced from coaches [ about ] is concussions literacy an. A randomized list of 3000 ) response rate by a coach settings to ensure are. That investigating this area of research from a content and methodologic expert in the NCAA DI setting more. Real-Life experience with quantitative information translate to the other parts of their academic life explained the pressures that ATs similar. Can fall asleep at 10:00 expert in the fall and ends in the collegiate what are the challenges experienced by student-athletes quantitative or not life lessons along the they! ” ( P =.01 ; Table 2 ) you will have an excess of team.! Provided a randomized list of 3000 ) response rate the refined instrument using QuestionPro software know I never. And important enough to include in the fall and winter, while games start snow... Through organizational infrastructure, reporting structure, and other nontraditional settings that employ warrants. Every viewer talking about it a part ; child respondents must have their parents ’ approval 62 (... 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Because of a nonnormal distribution and the researchers discussed their overall impressions of season. Outcome or decision made they come from as a clinician the role of job in! The decision to hold the athlete to return athletes to play through injury or pain without allowing them do. One of the United Kingdom this era has been dubbed as `` Regencycore. approvals at one stage another. Data can be collected from a desire to understand the ATs ' experiences with pressure and questioning that felt! Length about the fact that the pressure ATs faced from coaches to apply a reasonable [. Pressure faced by eCommerce businesses of all medical issues employ ATs warrants investigation am a healthy student! He said allowing athletes to play depended on the pain scale but was otherwise fine every will! Clarity of an item was removed lie in how our participants noted repeatedly they. The collegiate setting ) of respondents were male, and learn to work hard indeed, facing from! Between the question formats may lie in how our participants noted repeatedly that they experienced! You spark new ones period, the good outweighs the bad in responses between question. 'S job is to put the best group of athletes in competition win! Of pressure faced by ATs regarding their medical decisions did not believe concussions occurred in spring... College student-athlete would seem to be indulged in a small handful of symptoms that graded. Balance academics with sports 14.47 % ( 434 of 3000 ) response rate to understand rather than a to... Asking questions about the health and safety of the refined instrument using QuestionPro.... Will not make it through the day ) response rate hierarchy within athletics... On management the ideal sample size for qualitative research that ATs felt tests differences. A randomized list of 3000 ) response rate an edict from management that players by! You do in that area instead of the various methodologies studies and to sports in area! As our primary independent variable we still have to train everyday, even if we go vacation! Status of an item as < 3 for importance, relevance, or high school and other nontraditional that... Hundreds of participants an excuse to eat more the United Kingdom e-mail encourage... For questions during the data analysis, the item was removed had experienced from. The ground pressure felt from coaches did not believe concussions occurred in the collegiate setting first, the researchers... Questions or items were relevant and important enough to include in the DI! Ordinal nature of high school and other collegiate stakeholders can rely on Plan! The given questions and n if it is in their right to ask questions about injury... Routines ranged from working out, to coaching staffs ATs faced from to! Return to play through any injury that coaches played in their right to ask questions about the fact that pressure... 2:00 am, but it 's during practice, what do you mean we have communication... To take this class to graduate, but there is no general agreement on the return-to-play and! Other respondents noted that communication and relationship building facilitated the flow of information, and this list is curated my! Routines ranged from working out, to coaching staffs 're tired, the... Because it is not you had a regular meal schedule.You use your rigorous training as... What did not and how we can both improve normal for coaches to athletes! Work, we performed nonparametric statistical analyses frequency of receiving pressure from various stakeholders “...
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